The evil of corruption

It seems strange that according to Indian Constitution public servants cannot be prosecuted for charges of corruption. Even if trapped red-handed a prior sanction is needed for such an action. That makes corruption an in-built feature of constitutional system prevailing in the country. The Minister concerned recently said: “The menace of corruption is an important issue that is bothering the policy makers, administrators and the general public for a long time. The prevalence of widespread corruption and ineffective anti-corruption interventions in this country has led to public cynicism. The fight against corruption is not only a moral imperative but an economic necessity for a nation aspiring to emerge as a global player. Corruption discourages investment (foreign/domestic), harnessing of best technologies, resources etc. that requires transparency, fair play and is an impediment for integration with the global economy. Fighting corruption and building good governance are of paramount importance for achieving rapid economic development.”

 

During the Nehru era the Administration was highly protected from public view, and he never tolerated it being exposed by the media—because his own image would get affected, he the ruler of the system.


The Nanavati Case of cold murder could be a good example of it, that a naval officer had to be protected or else the entire naval functioning would come out in the open. It became a landmark case in the sense that the jury system got abolished afterwards. Nanavati was a naval commander and had shot dead Prem Ahuja who was his wife Sylvia’s paramour. The High Court dismissed the earlier acquittal by a Jury Trial and convicted the accused to imprisonment under Sec. 302 of Indian Penal Code. He was charged for culpable homicide which could carry a term of ten-year in prison. The government reduced it to three years. Nanavati was defence attaché to VK Krishna Menon, the Indian High Commissioner in the UK. He was also close to the Nehru-Gandhi family. After his release, he with Sylvia and their children migrated to Canada.


The Mundhra Scam is another good example, thanks to the uprightness of Feroze Gandhi, the son-in-law of Nehru. Nehru wished to handle the matter quietly since it might show the government in a poor light. Feroze Gandhi stood up to his convictions. Nehru might have been a good soul to fight for the Independence of India, but it seems he was not in contact with the soul of India. He soon became the first Moghul of Independent India, for which perhaps he had no qualms if he were to get a partitioned country; he would not share power with a strong personality like that of a Jinnah. The moral is multifold, his good came in the way of his greatness. Protected administration then becomes a breeding ground for corruption in public life which is more injurious than political parties receiving donations from industrial-commercial organizations.

 

Indians' Money in Swiss Bank

Let us read this along with this the latest update about Indians' Money in Swiss Bank, it amounting to seven trillion rupees. This is the highest amount lying outside any country, from amongst 180 countries of the world, as if India is the champion of Black Money. The Times of India report continues. Swiss Government has officially written to Indian Government that they are willing to inform the details of the holders if Indian Government officially asks them. But no enquiry has gone to Switzerland. The amount is owned by politicians and it is every Indian's money. From these funds we can repay 13 times of our country's foreign debt. The interest alone can take care of the Centers yearly budget. Indians have read and have known about these facts. But the helpless people have neither time nor inclination to do anything in the matter. This is like a new freedom struggle, and we will have to fight this menace born from within if good wealth is to grow in the country. Perhaps it is tougher challenge than throwing an alien rule. Social transformation is always a slow and painful process, full of hazards also.

 

Hyper-honesty is inconsistent with bourgeois democracy

This is so because what we witness is the lack of contact with our souls and with the soul of the country. “Vedic spirituality loses out in times of dishonesty,” says MJ Akbar in his Times of India column dated Sunday 13 September 2009. “It is common knowledge that the best way to argue your case in Delhi is through a suitcase. … While corruption in rising India has moved with internet speed into the 21st century, Kolkata's deals are still in the Vedic age. Land worth Rs 200 million was, it seems, handed over to promoters of a cottage-style resort called Vedic Village on the edge of Bengal's capital for just Rs 10 million. … Unsurprisingly, the local media, which for a decade had no time for investigations of its own, gave maximum play to ministerial ayurvedic treatment. Was the issue, then, greed or hypocrisy? Indian Marxists are trapped in a systemic flaw: hyper-honesty is inconsistent with ‘bourgeois democracy’. The cost of a Lok Sabha election now runs into multiple millions. Political parties are not profit-earning corporations. Their overhand collections are a miniscule proportion of need; the balance is met by underhand arrangements. Corruption is the preferred means of the get-rich-quick lobby (if the poor were corrupt, they would not remain poor). But is greed the only motivation? Greed is not India-specific. The extent of our venality may have a supplementary reason. We are, by temperament, a short-cut people. We do not like waiting for due process, whether in a project or towards a destination. Indian corruption could well find an explanation in Indian traffic. We instinctively seek a faster way, whether on a cow-clogged country lane or an incomplete super highway. The Indian driver does not believe in the sober limitations of take; he is a devotee of overtake. Cars do not create traffic jams; drivers with hyper libidos do. … The system creates hurdles since it knows that short-cutters will pay to cross them. Bribes feed the system; the system therefore knits a framework for bribes. A hundred rupees to a traffic cop climbs towards millions at the top. If you are really lucky, the ayurvedic massage comes free.”

 

Apropos of Vedic spirituality becoming defunct, MJ Akbar’s The Siege Within carries my comment as follows: “It is often said that democratic system and corruption are interlinked. Yet there are national differences. In India it has become a national habit, a second nature. We have won political freedom but freedom from things ignoble and degrading is a long battle. India cannot make true progress unless this is won. This is possible only if those who are conscious of things can come forward and work for the country. To awaken to the true character of India and to live in it is the only solution possible. It cannot be a mass movement; it has to be a movement carried by the pioneers. Whence shall come these pioneers? Whence did the freedom fighters come? Whence did the bringers of Indian renaissance come? From among those few who love the country more than themselves and those who are willing to do sacrifice for the sake of the country.” 17 September 2009

 

The insistent reminders of governance failure

About the malaise of India’s social system and functioning, we have in the following a perceptive observation by Gurcharan Das. He writes: “Prosperity has indeed begun to spread across India. Happiness, alas, has not. What blacken our days are the insistent reminders of governance failure, hanging over us like Delhi’s smog. I am not only thinking of corruption in its usual sense—of a politician who is caught taking a bribe. My anguish comes from something else—from a recent national survey that found that one out of four teachers in a government primary school is absent and one out of four is not teaching. Another study found that two out of five doctors do not show up at state primary health centers and that 69 per cent of the medicines are stolen. A cycle rickshaw driver in Kanpur routinely pays a sixth of his daily earnings in bribes to the police. A farmer in an Indian village cannot hope to get a clear title to his land without the humiliation of bribing a revenue official. One out of five members of the Indian parliament elected in 2004 had criminal charges against him; one in eighteen had been accused of murder or rape. I wondered if the Sanskrit epic, the Mahabharata, held any answers. The epic is obsessed with questions of dharma, of right and wrong—it analyses human failures constantly. Unlike the Greek epics, where the hero does something wrong and gets on with it, the action stops in the Mahabharata until every character has weighed in from every possible moral angle. Would I be able to recover a meaningful ideal of civic virtue from India’s foundational text?” One wonders!


The problems of social regeneration are too many and are laden with a thousand evils, quite a number of them springing from the history of the ancient past, from the mediaeval times of inertia and tamas, or else grafted by the colonial powers who came to loot and not to help develop the country. We have sharp professionals and experts in analyzing all these complexities of the national life; but hardly are there enlightened social reformers who live with the masses and who sacrifice all of theirs for their welfare. A silent revolution has to take place, and perhaps it is also taking place. Even while we could go into some of these aspects howsoever cursorily it might be, it will be quite interesting to see things in the other half that got created in the midnight of the when history turned a new leaf excitement and expectation, hopefully leaving behind the dullness of time and the frustration born from human littleness and frailty.

 

America is home to thousands of Pakistani immigrants

The Karachi Dawn’s Anjum Niaz writes in her column View from America: Return of the Native, dated 26 July 2009: “America is home to thousands of Pakistani immigrants, some with excellent credentials. And several with hefty bank accounts. Some are naturalised citizens holding American passports or Green Cards. Their homeward journey began at the Pakistan consulate-general in New York 18 months back where the officials must have swiftly rolled out a red carpet treatment to the overnight-turned-power horses after February 18, 2008 elections. Good for them, but what about ordinary Pakistanis today visiting the consulate for their consular work?”  

 

But she has regrets. The consulate general staff doesn’t even acknowledge you. They look bored and disinterested. The woman attending on you is equally distant and expressionless. The copying machine has conked out. The unhelpful staff tinkers with it and gives up. “Today the chancery is battered. An ugly dark oil painting covering one wall showing a shepherd tending to his sheep takes one back to the medieval times. The two light brackets look pathetic—one is upside down delicately balancing an energy saver bulb while the other has the same old glass shade that looks as ugly and antiquated as the painting itself. The paint is peeling on the walls and the naked wires around the ceiling look awful. Bang in the middle is an elongated ceiling light whose plastic cover has turned brown with age and dirt. It’s no longer in use but has not been removed. Instead two naked white neon lights are pinned up next to it that provide the big room light. The floor is covered with a dark brown felt carpet that must not have been cleaned in decades and must be home to millions of dust mites.”

 

And here is her Indian Raj across Atlantic. She is commenting upon Professor Sumit Ganguly telling CNN that it may well be “in our interest to sing Musharraf’s hosannas, but it is far from clear to me that he can undertake a series of profound reforms to rescue the Pakistani polity from its near-decrepit state.” His “our” was pretty confusing and, when asked, he clarified by saying that he was speaking as an American. Yes, Anjum Niaz is right to say that “Fustians like him can cry till the cows come home about being American, talking like Americans, and acting like Americans, but the bottom line is that the big white guys in the corporate media are still loath to think of desis [of either brand] as Americans.”

 

Mumbai massacre revisited

Irfan Husain [irfan.husain@gmail.com] again of the Karachi Dawn has a mature assessment of the extremism that is killing the psyche of the world. In his Saturday column dated 4 July 2009 he scripts the following heart-rending tale, and the curse that has fallen on mankind. “All too often, natural disasters and human atrocities make only a fleeting impression. Soon, one particular crisis is overtaken by another, and relentlessly, the news cycle moves on. We were shown clips from CCTV cameras that had captured the Mumbai massacre. Casually the killers shot everybody who moved. At the VT railway station, where 52 people died, they massacred a family. When I wrote a couple of columns after the atrocity last year, expressing sympathy for the victims and condemning the killers and those behind them in Pakistan, I got a flood of angry emails, demanding to know the proof that linked the terrorists to Pakistan. The most chilling part of the documentary was the constant voice contact between the terrorists and their handlers. Talking on cell phones, the controllers urged on their pawns in Punjabi and Urdu, interspersed with the odd English words and phrases. They certainly did not sound like graduates of a madressah. Rather, they were professionals doing a job, instructing the young terrorists to kill as many people as possible; urging them to move from one target to another; and repeating that they must not allow themselves to be captured. Soon after his arrest, Ajmal Kasab was questioned by the police. He said his father had explained that the money would lift the family out of poverty, and pay for his sisters’ weddings. How many more young men are being sold to terror outfits across Pakistan? All through the atrocity, the handlers—obviously watching the drama on TV—keep urging their foot soldiers on, encouraging them by descriptions of what they are seeing on TV. ‘The whole world is watching your deeds…. Remember this is a fight between the believers and the non-believers…. If you speak to the authorities, tell them this is only the trailer and the real film is yet to come.…’ It is this ambiguity that has given terror groups in Pakistan and elsewhere the space and legitimacy they need to operate. Now that Pakistanis have seen the true face of terrorism in Swat, and have begun to support the government in its drive to rid us of this cancer, the lesson needs to be reinforced. We need to hear ordinary people who survived or lost close relatives, and see their pain. We need to see the horrors inflicted in the name of Islam. Above all, we need to share the agony of our neighbours.”

 

Is India really a big nation, which behaves small?

And this is a poser from Jawed Naqvi [jawednaqvi@gmail.com] again of the Dawn Monday, 14 September 2009: “Gen Hossain Mohammed Ershad, the first host of Saarc in 1985, said bluntly in a TV documentary sponsored by India’s foreign ministry that one of the main reasons for creating the grouping was that India’s smaller neighbours were ‘allergic’ to the big neighbour. ‘So we decided to bring everyone together to deal with the problem.’ Former US Senator and ex-ambassador to New Delhi Daniel Patrick Moynihan proclaimed that India is a big country, which behaves small.” This smallness is perhaps there in every small country.” Apropos of this smallness: “Gandhiji used to drink goat’s milk, which made him look something of an impoverished fakir. But that couldn’t stop Sarojini Naidu from chuckling to Gandhi: ‘Bapu, it costs us a fortune to keep you poor.’ Gandhi probably smiled back good-naturedly.” This smallness is much there in the subcontinental mindset. Is it not sad that countries around do not come together and sort out there differences? There are more difficult problems of social development and progress, and it becomes frustrating when all the energies and resources get spent in foolish things done in foolish ways.

 

Jawed Naqvi continues: “I have yet to come across a serious, objective discussion in any of the newspapers why India’s neighbours are allergic to it. Instead of blaming Pakistan’s ISI sleuths who probably play a hand whenever they find an opening in determining or undermining India’s ties with its neighbours, would it not be useful for Indian intellectuals and analysts to have a meaningful discussion as to why India’s RAW or IB are unable to neutralise the damage? India helped create Bangladesh out of Pakistan, but Dhaka today has better ties with Islamabad than with New Delhi. Is it because of ISI alone? There are reports of rockets being fired the other day from Pakistan’s side of the international border in the Attari border region. This is a serious incident not the least because it involves two nuclear-armed neighbours. But the incident could be the handiwork of ‘non-state players’. The matter was hopefully sorted out in the meeting the Pakistan Rangers and India’s BSF point persons held at the Wagah check-post. A less sensational way to report the same incident would be to say upfront that the rockets were feared to have been fired by militants who are probably just as hostile towards the government in Pakistan. That would be the large-hearted and probably a truer way to treat a serious-looking incident at the border.”

 

The important aspect is, there are well-educated broad-minded noble souls in the subcontinent and the mistake lies in mixing them up with the militant and retrograde individuals or groups that are causing the havoc everywhere. If there is a mechanism by which this ‘progressive’ constituent can come into play, then many if not most of the problems will just disappear like thin vapours. There could be cultural exchanges; there could be freer communication, could be easy flow of trade and commerce in the entire region as a single unit, even with the removal of export-import duties. Media, in spite of the digital age, have remained aloof from each other. Educational institutions can be opened out for each others’ students, and academic and professional members be encouraged meeting in order to promote the respective fields. Of course, this does not mean that there are not going to be checks against infiltration of anti-social elements. This may look too idealistic, but is there any other way out? The problems cannot be solved at the political level, cannot be solved at the military level, cannot be solved by sticking to formalized religious dogmatism, cannot be solved by importing western ideologies or systems, though all of them can to some degree come to help. If there is a kind of oneness deep in the entire subcontinent, then one has to discover the roots of it and nourish the growth on their vigorous possibilities. There is certainly a truth in what Abraham Maslow had said: "If you only have a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail." If one sees each a soul’s possibility, then there can be happy concordances of their being in harmonious relationship, individually and collectively. The hope is that this will happen, and if it happens sooner than later much of the human suffering we are experiencing today will be diminished. Perhaps the method is well illustrated by the speech Mullah Nasruddin did not deliver.

 

A speech that was not delivered

Mullah Nasruddin was a well known and well respected figure who could impart gems of knowledge in a simple language which a common man could easily grasp. It was about seven hundred years ago Nasruddin was born in a small village who became famous with his tales of wisdom. “The themes in the tales have become part of the folklore of a number of nations and express the national imaginations of a variety of cultures. The tales (like Aesop's fables) deal with concepts that have a certain timelessness. They purvey a pithy folk wisdom that triumphs over all trials and tribulations. The oldest manuscript of Nasruddin was found in 1571.”

 

Once, Nasruddin was invited to address a gathering in a small town. But he was not very keen to do that. However, after a lot of persuasion he agreed. He stood on the platform and asked the audience if they knew what he was going to speak about. When the answer came “No”, Nasruddin told them that he had no desire to speak to those who don’t even know what he was going to speak. Saying so, he immediately left the place. By now the people had grown wise and the next time when he was persuaded to speak and when he had posed the same question, all said, “Yes”. But Nasruddin was ready with his answer. “If they already knew what he was going to speak,” he said, “then there was no necessity for him to speak.” And he left the place without a moment’s pause. People felt belittled, but they invited him the third time. Now half the audience said “Yes” and the other half “No”. The Mullah was quick to respond by saying that, in that case, the half which knew could explain to the other half which didn’t. Solution to the puzzle of the subcontinental frustration and malaise perhaps lies in the speech that was not delivered.

 

It can be compellingly said that there is a subcontinental approach towards life distinct from the western approach. The question is if it can be recovered and enriched.

 

About a bag of gold

Here is a small anecdote about Nasruddin when he was a small boy, a conversation with his father.

 

Nasruddin, my son, get up early in the mornings.

 

Why father?

 

It is a good habit. Why, once I rose at dawn and went for a walk. I found on the road a sack of gold.

 

How did you know it was not lost the previous night?

 

That is not the point. In any case, it had not been there the night before. I noticed that.

 

Then it isn't lucky for everyone to get up early. The man who lost the gold must have been up earlier than you.

 

 There is a story related with Tagore when he was walking on a road in London. At the corner a beggar saw him coming and raised his hand, asking for alms. Tagore pulled out a gold coin from his pocket and gave it to the beggar. But the conscience beggar said, “But Sir, you are giving me a gold coin. What will I do with it? My need is small. Please give me a small piece.” Such beggars and such donors! Can our politicians be compared with them?

 

And there is a more touching illustration. Once, a pilgrim was on his way to Badrinath. On the way he felt exhausted and also hungry. At a little distance he saw an old woman-pilgrim having her meals. He approached her for food. She gladly shared whatever she had with him. He felt satisfied and started walking. After walking a short distance he came back again to her, saying “You have been very kind to give me food. But I’m not sure if anyone will help me as I shall proceed on the journey. Will you please give me some food to carry with me?” She didn’t have any. But she pulled out a gold bangle from her hand and gave it to him. He was happy. After walking quite a distance he came back once more to her and pleaded, “Please take this bangle back. No, this bangle is of no use. Please give me that which made you give me your ornament.”

 

Yes, that is the subcontinental psyche and it is that which we must first recover. We must recover it, and enrich it—because it is not a frozen psyche. There are hopeful signs and perhaps these will become more and more distinct, more and more dynamic in our life. Perhaps it is a question of time, and things will happen. Our part lies in seeing these happen in a less painful and less tortuous way. The humanity in us must awake to these indicators and take possession of us to mould our destiny, our future.

 

Richness of the subcontinental psyche

There is that kind of wealth in India, making India the richest in the world. This comes from a family donation to the country. The story is related to G Vaidyaraj, a descendent of Raja Krishnadev Raya from Mysore district; he donated all his wealth, about which he actually did not know. “For the last 300 years or so, three stones were worshipped in his house. But nobody tried to see what it was, except this person, who is a lawyer by profession. One day, when there was nobody in his house, he took the stone out to see what it was that they worship. Due to the dust deposited on it, from many many years, it looked only like a simple stone. But when he touched it, some portion of the stone was cleansed. And he saw a bright ray of light. He saw something which attracted his attention. And he was amazed when he cleaned all of them. The whole room was filled with light. He discovered they were diamonds of about 4600 carats each.” The e-mail in circulation continues: “He informed the Govt. of India and the news is censored with its security. It's now deposited in a Swiss Bank. The cost of single diamond exceeds the GDP of USA + UK. India can buy virtually 7 developing nations. Even World Bank does not have enough money to buy it. One diamond costs thrice the debt of World Bank over India. One such diamond can buy 10 Bill Gates to you. And the World Bank has proposed the Indian Govt. that it can pay India in Installment if it wishes to do so. India's GDP is 34.25 billion dollars. Bill Gates property is 95 billion dollars approximate so that is the way 'nature changes'... Our Prime Minister has refused to sell it. He said it will be sold or mortgaged for credit when we need it. Otherwise right now we have no problems.” You can go through Times of India with a small column on it a week ago. Star TV presented a 115 min documentary on it about 15 days ago. The Hindu has a half page article on it. This new has now been censored as classified.

 

Another good news is that in the Desert of Thar a deposit of Oil and Natural gas has been found. This stores what Kuwait has in its stomach. It's incredible!! But true. India can go with this energy reserve easily for another 30 years. Indeed, it can export it to other counties—and they will be too willing to buy it.

 

A silent revolution but the government apathy

Jagdev Singh of Kalalwala village, who chose growing other than traditional crops, has been facing the problem of marketing his produce.

 

Jagdev went for organic farming in six acres and planted rare variety of rose—Damask. Being highly perishable, the flower can be used for extracting ark (distilled water) or rose oil only. He had planted 21 quintals of rose buds in 2001.

 

He was getting good yield of flowers, 15 quintals from an acre, but could extract only a litre of oil from entire produce. The state government’s apathy in respect of marketing the produce has distressed him.

 

Claiming the oil to be very expensive, he said, “There is no fixed international price for it. But customers abroad, tell THAT its price ranges between Rs 1.5-1.8 million a litre.”

 

Jagdev said, “The soil and climate here are suitable for this crop and it does not need intensive care. But in the absence of marketing, it is good for nothing.”

 

He said, “We have set up oil extracting unit but marketing is the main problem. Till now, we could sell only four bottles to an NRI from Canada and are looking for buyers for the five bottles we still have.”

 

“We have been trying to sell it via the Internet but people hardly show interest. Even if someone is ready to buy the oil, he offers very low price,” he added.

 

There are only few farmers having this variety of rose in the state. Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh is the hub of this trade.

 

“Except motivating us for taking up crop diversification, no department of the state government has come forward to lend a helping hand,” he said, adding if the situation did not change he would be forced to uproot the whole crop.

 

But here is something more encouraging. The news comes from the BBC. An Indian civil servant, SM Raju, has come up with a novel way of providing employment to millions of poor in the eastern state of Bihar. His campaign to encourage people to plant trees effectively addresses two burning issues of the world: global warming and shrinking job opportunities. Evidence of Mr Raju's success could clearly be seen on 30 August, when he organised 300,000 villagers from over 7,500 villages in northern Bihar to engage in a mass tree planting ceremony. In doing so the agriculture graduate from Bangalore has provided "sustainable employment" to people living below the poverty line in Bihar.