Some of the Indian contributions in arithmetic, basic algebra and trigonometry were transmitted by the Arabs and Persians to Europe, though most results in algebra and calculus were too advanced for contemporary civilisations. It is through the blending of the two great mathematical cultures—the geometric and axiomatic tradition of the Greeks and the algebraic and computational tradition of the Indians—that the mathematical renaissance took place in Europe. However, Indians virtually took no part in the rapid development of mathematics that took place during 17-19th century. This period coincided with the general stagnation in the national life. But, as Sri Aurobindo remarks, ''Indian civilisation must be judged mainly by the culture and greatness of its millenniums, not by the ignorance and weakness of a few centuries.''

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